A strange imaginotheca by Louis de Caseneuve.

Our purpose was to analyse the treatment of one of Galen's major contributions, his systematization of the doctrine of the four temperaments he inherited from his predecessors (Aristotle, Alcmaeon of Crotone, Empedocles, Philolaus), in Lodovico Casanova's Hieroglyphicorum et medicorum emblematum dodekakrounous (Lugduni, Sumptibus Pauli Frellon, 1626). We concentrated on the four temperaments to study how in medical emblems, allegory and symbols are used to represent medical knowledge through the device of visual loci destined to be decoded and memorized.

["This wide sea of proprietary medicines...": the status of pharmacy and the image in the apothecary in Renaissance medical prefaces (1528-1628)]. / "Ceste grande et vaste mer de la composition des medicamens": le statut de la pharmacie et la figure de l'apothicaire dans la préface médica1e de la Renaissance (1528-1628).

Renaissance authors of medical treatises do not stay silent on the issue of the pre-eminence of medicine over surgery and pharmacy and on questions of hierarchy between the three "medici naturae ministri". This article examines how in their prefaces, a number of authors of medical treatises published between 1528 and 1628, come to the defence of the eminence of pharmacy, by emphasizing what distinguishes the apothecary from the other two professions. The prefaces of these treatises provide their authors with an arena where in rhetorical as well as scientific language, they can argue in favour of and give praise to the art of pharmacy and come to the defence of its practitioners. In this way, during the period, polemics about the status of pharmacy, combining elogium with criticism, participate in the construction of the professional identity of the pharmacist.